Founded by Prince Archbishop St. Rupert, on the ruins of the lost Roman city Iuvavum, Salzburg, originally under the control of Bavarian rulers, gained independence in the Middle Ages, gradually increased its wealth and power throughout the Renaissance, and peaked in the Baroque era in the 17th century. Salzburg is dominated by churches, castles and palaces. Its picturesque old town, with its homogenous baroque appearance, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Art lovers call Salzburg the Golden City of High Baroque; historians refer to it as the Florence of the North or the German Rome; and, of course, music lovers know it as the birthplace of one of the world's most beloved composers, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791). This most Italianate city north of the Alps, preserved to this day in the churches, squares and alleyways of the compact Altstadt spread beneath the brooding Hohensalzburg fortress. For many, Salzburg is the quintessential Austria, offering the best of the country's Baroque architecture, subalpine scenery and a musical heritage derived from the city's most famous son, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, whose likeness peers from every box of the ubiquitous chocolate delicacy, the Mozartkugel.